How is validity defined in the context of testing?

Validity refers to the degree to which a test accurately assesses or measures what it is intended to evaluate. In other words, if a test is designed to measure a specific concept, such as physical fitness or knowledge in a particular subject, its validity determines how effectively it captures that concept. A test may have high reliability (producing consistent results), but if it does not measure what it claims to measure, it lacks validity.

For instance, if a fitness test claims to measure cardiovascular endurance but actually assesses flexibility instead, it cannot be considered valid. Therefore, option B highlights the crux of validity, emphasizing its importance in ensuring tests yield meaningful and relevant results that align with their intended purpose.

Other options refer to different aspects of testing: repeatability pertains to reliability, consistency relates to both reliability and stability over time, and range indicates the breadth of possible scores a test can yield, but none encompass the precise definition of validity.