What characterizes negative motivation?

Negative motivation is characterized by the fear of consequences associated with poor performance. This type of motivation often stems from anxiety or apprehension about what might happen if one fails to meet expectations or standards. For instance, an athlete might push themselves to perform better not solely because they want to win but because they fear disappointing their coach, team, or parents. This type of drive can be powerful, as it often leads individuals to work harder in an attempt to avoid negative outcomes.

On the other hand, the other options describe forms of positive motivation. Improvement due to positive reinforcement suggests that individuals are encouraged by rewards or praise, which is a hallmark of positive motivation. A desire to achieve personal bests highlights an intrinsic motivator that is focused on self-improvement rather than avoiding negative results. Seeking recognition from peers also reflects a positive type of motivation where social validation and encouragement can inspire performance. Thus, option B is distinctly aligned with the characteristics of negative motivation.