What kind of motivation describes performing a behavior to earn rewards or avoid punishment?

The concept of performing a behavior to earn rewards or avoid punishment is accurately captured by extrinsic motivation. This form of motivation refers to engaging in an activity not for its own sake but to achieve external goals or outcomes. For example, a student may study hard to receive praise from parents or to earn good grades, which are external rewards. Similarly, someone might engage in a task to avoid negative consequences, such as criticism or loss of privileges.

Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, involves performing an activity for its inherent satisfaction, such as joy or personal fulfillment derived from the activity itself. Internal motivation generally aligns with intrinsic motivation, focusing more on personal growth and satisfaction rather than external accolades. Behavioral motivation is a broader term that could encompass various aspects of motivation, including habits and responses to environmental stimuli, but it does not directly describe the external aspects of reward and punishment.

Therefore, the definition of extrinsic motivation as it relates to earning rewards or avoiding punishment accurately encompasses the scenario presented in the question.